I think maybe I’ve just been expecting that becuase a driver is rated at 30 watts that it would automatically mean it would be possible to model it as that without too much cone excursion and be able fit a port in there with no problems, but the port would just be way to long to do that with this particular driver and it exceeds the cone excursion line at 30 watts regardless. Other than that I basically follow all the steps you mentioned above when I start a design, like keeping the port velocity under 17 and adding the ports volume to the box volume once it’s been established, what I mainly found troubling was guessing at how much air the driver would take up in the box, it’s always ended up being a guess, so if you have a method for that id be grateful to hear it. I will be making just one speaker and be doing tests on it before going for all five, once I have finished the design work I will start a dedicated thread on here and hopefully get some constructive criticism to help me come up with the best design, this forum has been a godsend for me since I started the hobby a few years ago.